What is rhabdomyolysis?

Rhabdomyolysis, also known as rhabdomyolysis syndrome, is a muscle disorder caused by various factors. Its main characteristic is the dissolution and subsequent release of intracellular proteins from striated muscle cells (primarily skeletal and cardiac muscles, although usually referring to skeletal muscles) into the bloodstream, leading to a series of syndromic manifestations. These causative factors may include physical factors such as trauma, strenuous exercise, high fever, and electric shock, as well as medications (e.g., statins), toxins, infections, electrolyte disturbances, and autoimmune diseases. The clinical presentation of this condition is distinct, with patients commonly experiencing myalgia, muscle weakness, and dark tea-colored or soy sauce-colored urine (i.e., myoglobinuria). Key aspects of treatment for rhabdomyolysis involve eliminating the underlying cause, managing electrolyte balance, fluid replacement, alkalinization of urine, and other symptomatic treatments. In some cases, hemodialysis may also be necessary.