Etiology and Symptoms of Eczema

The causes of eczema are complex, involving interactions between internal and external factors. Internal factors include genetic predisposition, chronic infection foci, endocrine and metabolic disorders, circulatory disturbances, and neuro-psychological factors; external factors include food allergies, inhalant allergies, environmental changes, animal fur, and chemical irritants. These factors together trigger inflammatory reactions in the skin. Eczema symptoms are diverse and can be classified into acute, subacute, and chronic eczema according to the disease course. Acute eczema presents as dense small papules, vesicles, or tiny blisters, accompanied by severe itching. After scratching, pinpoint exudation and small eroded areas may appear. Subacute eczema mainly presents with small papules, crusts, and scales, with itching remaining severe. Chronic eczema is characterized by thickened, infiltrated skin with pigmentation, rough surface, scaling, and frequent crusting due to scratching. The course of chronic eczema is variable and prone to recurrence. Eczema symptoms vary significantly among individuals, and multiple factors must be considered comprehensively during treatment.