What are the symptoms of benign kidney tumors?

The symptoms of benign adrenal tumors vary depending on the type of hormone secreted by the tumor and its size. Generally, if a benign adrenal tumor secretes large amounts of glucocorticoids, it may cause symptoms such as moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, which are indicative of Cushing's syndrome. If the tumor primarily secretes aldosterone, it may lead to manifestations of hyperaldosteronism, such as hypertension, hypokalemia, and even hypokalemic paralysis. Additionally, if the tumor secretes androgens, female patients may exhibit signs of masculinization. Moreover, excessive secretion of medullary hormones such as catecholamines can result in symptoms typical of pheochromocytoma, including paroxysmal hypertension, headache, palpitations, and sweating. If the tumor does not secrete hormones and is small in size, it may be asymptomatic; however, as the tumor grows larger, it may cause symptoms due to compression. Therefore, the clinical presentation of benign adrenal tumors is highly variable, and diagnosis and treatment must be tailored to the specific circumstances of each case.