What is hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, result from vascular abnormalities around the anus, particularly involving dilation and deformation of the venous plexus in the distal rectum. When these veins experience obstructed blood flow due to increased pressure, prolonged sitting, constipation, pregnancy, or other factors, they may form swellings, sometimes accompanied by symptoms such as bleeding, pain, itching, or anal discomfort. Hemorrhoids can be classified into internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids, and mixed hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids develop inside the rectum and may initially be asymptomatic. As the condition progresses, they can cause rectal bleeding or soft masses protruding from the anus during bowel movements. External hemorrhoids occur beneath the skin around the anal opening and often cause pain and visible swellings. Mixed hemorrhoids combine features of both internal and external hemorrhoids. Treatment options for hemorrhoids depend on their severity. Mild hemorrhoids may be relieved through improved dietary habits, increased fiber intake, avoiding prolonged sitting and excessive straining during bowel movements. Severe hemorrhoids may require medical treatment, rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy injections, or surgical removal. Prompt medical attention should be sought if there is persistent bleeding, severe pain, or prolapsed hemorrhoids.