Effects of Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids are an important class of synthetic steroid hormones with extensive and critical effects, primarily including: 1. **Anti-inflammatory effects**: By reducing the production of inflammatory mediators, preventing the migration of inflammatory cells, and suppressing immune responses, glucocorticoids alleviate the severity and symptoms of tissue inflammation, such as redness, swelling, heat, and pain. 2. **Immunomodulatory effects**: They influence the functions of various immune cells—for example, by inhibiting the activity of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, decreasing the production of immunoglobulins, and reducing the proliferation of immune cells—and play a significant role in treating autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions. 3. **Suppression of immune responses**: By diminishing the effects of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, they reduce immune and allergic reactions, making them suitable for treating allergic disorders and organ transplant rejection. 4. **Metabolic regulation**: They participate in regulating the metabolism of various substances, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—for example, promoting glycogen synthesis and protein breakdown, and inhibiting adipose tissue formation—playing a crucial role in maintaining internal homeostasis.