What are the symptoms of chronic glomerulonephritis?

The main symptoms of chronic glomerulonephritis include the following: 1. Urinary abnormalities: Patients often develop proteinuria, characterized by increased and persistent foam in the urine. Hematuria may also occur, which can be intermittent and painless; in some cases, gross hematuria can be present. 2. Edema: Edema is a common symptom of chronic glomerulonephritis. Mild cases may present only with periorbital and facial swelling, while severe cases can develop generalized edema, including pitting edema in both lower limbs, and pleural or peritoneal effusion. 3. Hypertension: Most patients have concomitant hypertension, and blood pressure may progressively increase as the disease advances. Hypertension accelerates glomerulosclerosis and renal function deterioration, thus requiring active management. 4. Renal insufficiency: As the disease progresses, renal function gradually declines,表现为 (manifested as) decreased glomerular filtration rate and elevated serum creatinine levels. Some patients may eventually progress to end-stage renal disease, also known as uremia.