How are kidney cysts caused?

The formation of renal cysts mainly includes the following factors: 1. **Genetic factors**: Some patients with renal cysts have chromosomal abnormalities, particularly in congenital polycystic kidney disease, which is commonly an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Offspring of parents carrying this defective gene have a higher probability of developing the disease. 2. **Congenital dysplasia**: Congenital dysplasia of the renal tubules is another significant cause of renal cysts. Particularly in cases where cysts originate from the proximal renal tubules, obstruction of the nephron due to certain factors may be responsible. 3. **Obstruction of renal tubules and surrounding blood vessels**: This often results from renal parenchymal ischemia and localized inflammation, which can cause blockage of the renal tubules, leading to the dilation of existing tubules and collecting ducts and subsequent cyst formation. 4. **Inflammatory infection**: Prolonged inflammatory stimulation of the kidney or adjacent tissues increases the risk of cyst growth or other atypical proliferations.