What causes pain during urination?

Pain during urination can be caused by various factors:

1. Inadequate water intake: If fluid intake is insufficient, urine may become concentrated and irritate the urethra, causing discomfort. It is recommended to maintain adequate hydration to dilute the urine and reduce irritation.

2. Urethritis: This is an inflammation of the urethra caused by infection with pathogens. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and urethral itching. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or cefixime.

3. Cystitis: Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder lining, usually caused by bacterial infection, and may also cause urethral pain. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy, such as cefadroxil or amoxicillin.

4. Prostatitis: Prostatitis is relatively common in men. Inflammation of the prostate can affect the urethra, leading to discomfort during urination.

5. Sexually transmitted diseases: Sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea or non-gonococcal urethritis can also present with painful urination.

6. Urinary tract stones: Urinary stones or foreign bodies can also cause pain during urination. Pain often occurs when stones move or pass through narrow areas, irritating the urethra or causing obstructed urine flow.

If you have any concerns, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly.