Is hyperthyroidism the same as goiter (enlarged thyroid)?

Hyperthyroidism is not exactly the same as the commonly known "goiter." Although both are thyroid-related conditions, they differ significantly in terms of causes, pathology, and clinical manifestations. Hyperthyroidism refers to a disease in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include palpitations, hand tremors, excessive sweating, weight loss, and anxiety. In contrast, "goiter" typically refers to endemic thyroid swelling, primarily caused by iodine deficiency leading to compensatory thyroid gland enlargement, resulting in noticeable neck swelling.

Patients with hyperthyroidism often experience symptoms such as heart palpitations, tachycardia, sweating, increased appetite, and weight loss. They may also have thyroid enlargement, although not all patients will develop a visibly thickened neck. Patients with goiter mainly present with neck enlargement and may experience symptoms caused by compression of adjacent organs or tissues, such as coughing and difficulty breathing. Hyperthyroidism requires treatment with medications, while goiter should be treated according to its specific cause.