What are the consequences of aortic arch calcification?

Calcification of the aortic arch refers to the deposition of calcium salts in the aortic arch, one of the major arteries of the body, which is usually a manifestation of arteriosclerosis. The aortic arch is the main blood vessel that transports blood from the heart to the upper part of the body. Its calcification can be caused by multiple factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.

Calcification of the aortic arch can cause thickening of the vessel wall and narrowing of the lumen, thereby affecting blood flow, increasing cardiac load, and predisposing to angina pectoris. In severe cases, it may lead to acute myocardial infarction. Aortic arch calcification may be accompanied by atherosclerosis of the large arteries, facilitating the formation of unstable plaques. If these plaques dislodge, they may block cerebral vessels, causing stroke, and resulting in serious consequences such as paralysis, aphasia, and cognitive impairment.

After detection of aortic arch calcification, regular cardiovascular assessments are necessary. Proactive control of related risk factors such as blood pressure, lipid levels, and blood glucose, along with lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, pharmacological treatment are important to slow disease progression and prevent serious cardiovascular events.