What causes stiffness and pain in the lower back?

Possible causes of lower back stiffness and pain:

1. Muscle or ligament strain: Usually caused by excessive exertion, sudden twisting, or improper lifting techniques. In such cases, pain may worsen with activity and improve with rest.

2. Lumbar spine disorders: Including lumbar muscle strain and lumbar disc herniation. Long-term repetitive waist movements and excessive loading, such as prolonged sitting, standing, or lifting heavy objects while bending, can keep the lumbar muscles under high tension for extended periods, leading to chronic lumbar muscle strain. Additionally, age-related degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs are a significant factor contributing to lumbar disc herniation.

3. Arthritis: Including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. These conditions cause joint inflammation, resulting in pain and stiffness, particularly noticeable in the morning or after prolonged periods of inactivity.

4. Scoliosis: This refers to an abnormal curvature of the spine, which may cause lower back discomfort, especially during certain body movements.

5. Sciatica: The sciatic nerve extends from the spinal cord down to the lower limbs. When this nerve becomes compressed, it can cause severe pain radiating from the lower back down the leg.

6. Poor lifestyle habits: Improper sitting or standing posture, or maintaining the same posture for extended periods, such as looking down at a phone or computer screen for long durations, can lead to poor local blood circulation, resulting in lower back stiffness and pain.