What causes cervical erosion?

A more accurate term for "cervical erosion" is "cervical columnar epithelial displacement." It is not truly an erosion, but rather a relatively common physiological phenomenon or a pathological manifestation that may be associated with certain factors. The main causes include the following:

1. Hormonal changes: For example, during puberty, pregnancy, or when using medications containing estrogen, elevated estrogen levels in the body can cause the columnar epithelial cells within the cervical canal to grow outward, covering areas that were originally covered by squamous epithelial cells. This gives the appearance of "erosion."

2. Sexual activity: Friction and stimulation during sexual intercourse may cause damage to the cervical epithelial layer. Frequent or overly vigorous sexual activity particularly increases this risk.

3. Infections: Cervical erosion is associated with various infections, such as sexually transmitted diseases, human papillomavirus (HPV), fungal infections, and trichomoniasis. These infections can trigger an inflammatory response in the cervix, which may lead to columnar epithelial displacement.

4. Childbirth, abortion, and intrauterine procedures may cause minor injuries to cervical cells. If these injuries do not heal in a timely manner and become invaded by pathogens, they may lead to the formation of erosion.

5. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, especially during pregnancy or while taking oral contraceptives, may also cause changes in cervical epithelial cells, resulting in columnar epithelial displacement.

6. Other factors: Genetic predisposition, immune system status, improper hygiene, and other factors may also play a role.

Isolated cervical columnar epithelial displacement typically does not require treatment, but regular cervical cancer screening is recommended. If symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or increased vaginal discharge occur, prompt medical evaluation is advised.