What are the causes of dry eye syndrome?

Dry eye syndrome is a common eye condition that causes significant discomfort to patients. The main causes of this condition include:

1. Age-related factors: As people age, especially middle-aged and elderly individuals, hormone levels decline and the secretory functions of the lacrimal and meibomian glands weaken. For example, individuals over the age of 65 experience reduced tear production, increasing the risk of dry eye syndrome.

2. Environmental factors: Prolonged exposure to air pollution and dry environments, such as high altitude and low humidity areas, or extended use of electronic devices, which reduces blinking frequency, accelerates tear evaporation. In addition, smoke and ultraviolet radiation can also worsen symptoms of dry eyes.

3. Contact lens wear: Contact lenses float on the tear film, and prolonged wear accelerates tear evaporation, increasing the likelihood of developing dry eye syndrome.

4. Conjunctival epithelial xerosis: Individuals with vitamin A deficiency are prone to this condition. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for maintaining ocular surface health, and insufficient intake or excessive consumption can lead to conjunctival epithelial xerosis.

5. Chronic ocular inflammation: Chronic eye inflammations such as dacryocystitis, ocular trauma, trachoma, and conjunctivitis may lead to scarring of the conjunctival mucosa, blocking the opening of the lacrimal gland ducts and preventing tears from draining properly, thereby causing dry eye syndrome.

6. Systemic diseases: Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, and thyroid disorders may also lead to dry eye syndrome.

7. Medication effects: Certain medications, such as antidepressants, antihistamines, and oral contraceptives, may interfere with normal tear secretion, potentially triggering dry eye syndrome.

8. Eye surgeries: Corneal refractive surgeries such as LASIK may temporarily or permanently alter tear film stability, leading to dry eye syndrome.

If you develop dry eye syndrome, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly for appropriate treatment.