Regular menstruation but dysmenorrhea, how are the results of the B-ultrasound and thyroid hormone tests?

Regular menstruation with dysmenorrhea is often caused by abnormal synthesis and release of prostaglandins in the endometrium, leading to excessive contraction of the uterine smooth muscle, vascular spasm, and pain due to ischemia and hypoxia. In such cases, ultrasound usually reveals no obvious organic lesions, although it may show uniform enlargement of the uterus.

Abnormal thyroid hormone levels also can affect menstruation. In hypothyroidism, decreased thyroid hormone levels may cause increased menstrual flow, prolonged periods, and accompanying dysmenorrhea; ultrasound may show no specific abnormalities. In hyperthyroidism, elevated thyroid hormone levels may lead to reduced menstrual flow, although dysmenorrhea may still occur. Ultrasound examination usually reveals no specific changes directly related to dysmenorrhea.

Dysmenorrhea can be relieved during menstruation by applying heat to the abdomen or drinking brown sugar water. If the pain is unbearable, analgesics such as ibuprofen may be taken under a doctor's guidance. For ultrasound and thyroid hormone testing, it is recommended to perform the ultrasound examination 3–7 days after the menstrual period ends to better evaluate the uterus and adnexa. Fasting blood sampling is required for thyroid hormone testing, and vigorous exercise and emotional excitement should be avoided before the test.