A 22-month-old girl has a severe dry cough; what treatment is needed?

A severe dry cough in a 22-month-old female infant may be caused by respiratory tract infections, allergies, airway foreign bodies, or other factors. Dry cough may result from respiratory inflammation irritating the airway mucosa, leading to enhanced cough reflex without phlegm production.

It is recommended to keep the indoor air humid, and a humidifier may be used. Encourage the baby to drink more warm water, which can help relieve throat discomfort. Avoid exposing the baby to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and animal fur.

If the dry cough persists or is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, rapid breathing, or wheezing, prompt medical attention is advised. The doctor may perform a physical examination, complete blood count, and other tests to determine the cause.

If a viral infection is suspected, symptomatic treatment is generally recommended, which may include cough medications such as dextromethorphan syrup, though these should be used under a doctor's guidance.

If a bacterial infection is present, antibiotic treatment will be required. For dry cough caused by allergies, avoiding contact with allergens is essential, along with the use of antiallergic medications such as loratadine syrup under medical supervision.

If an airway foreign body is suspected, further diagnostic tests such as chest X-ray or bronchoscopy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and remove the foreign object.