Can an intrauterine device (IUD) be left in place permanently?

An intrauterine device (IUD) is not recommended for long-term retention without removal.

An IUD, also known as an intrauterine contraceptive device, is a contraceptive device placed inside the uterus. Although it provides long-term contraception, it is not intended for indefinite retention. It is a long-acting, reversible contraceptive method. By placing a small device within the uterus, it prevents pregnancy primarily by altering the nature of cervical mucus, making it less conducive to sperm penetration, and affecting the endometrium, thereby reducing the likelihood of implantation of a fertilized egg.

The usable lifespan of an IUD is limited, and different types and models have varying expiration dates; the device should be promptly removed upon expiration. Additionally, as women age, the structure of the uterus and cervix may change, and prolonged retention may lead to IUD embedment or displacement, increasing the difficulty of removal and potentially causing complications such as pain, bleeding, or infection. However, in specific situations, such as in postmenopausal women who no longer have fertility needs and whose uteri are gradually atrophying, consideration may be given to leaving the IUD in place. It is best to make this decision under a physician's guidance to ensure safety and appropriateness.

If any discomfort occurs, such as abnormal bleeding, pain, signs of infection, etc., medical attention should be sought immediately, and removal of the IUD may be necessary.