What are the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse symptoms that involve multiple organ systems. Typical manifestations include:

1. Cutaneous symptoms: A butterfly-shaped erythematous rash commonly appears on the face, presenting as bright red or purplish red with clear margins; polymorphic lesions such as red papules and maculopapular rashes may also develop on other parts of the body; photosensitivity and oral ulcers are also frequently observed.

2. Musculoskeletal symptoms: Symmetrical polyarthritis with joint pain and swelling, typically without causing bone destruction; muscle pain and weakness are also common.

3. Renal involvement: Approximately 80% of patients develop kidney disease, presenting as nephritis or nephrotic syndrome; severe cases may lead to renal failure.

4. Hematologic abnormalities: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and other hematologic abnormalities are commonly seen in patients with SLE.

5. Cardiopulmonary involvement: Cardiac and pulmonary conditions such as pericarditis, pleuritis, and interstitial pneumonia may also occur in SLE.

6. Neuropsychiatric symptoms: These may include headache, epileptic seizures, and psychiatric or behavioral abnormalities, which can be life-threatening in severe cases.

7. Others: The gastrointestinal tract, eyes, endocrine system, and others may also be affected.

If you have any concerns, please consult a relevant physician.