How is thrombocytopenia treated?

Thrombocytopenia, medically termed "thrombocytopenic purpura" or "thrombocytopenia," refers to a condition where the platelet count in the blood falls below the normal range (typically defined as fewer than 150,000 platelets per microliter of blood). Platelets are cell fragments in the blood that primarily function in the clotting process to prevent bleeding when blood vessels are damaged. Therefore, thrombocytopenia may lead to symptoms such as subcutaneous bleeding spots, bruising, nosebleeds, and gum bleeding in patients.

The treatment for thrombocytopenia depends on its cause and severity. Below are some common treatment methods:

1. General treatment: Patients should rest adequately, avoid injuries, reduce physical activity, and remain bedridden if the condition is severe. Attention should also be given to diet, focusing on liquid or easily digestible foods to prevent damage to the mucous membranes of the digestive tract from hot foods.

2. Medication therapy:

Immunosuppressants: Such as glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone), which can suppress immune responses and reduce platelet destruction.

Platelet-stimulating drugs: Such as recombinant human thrombopoietin and eltrombopag, which can promote platelet production.

Other medications: Such as immunoglobulins, which can block antibodies that destroy platelets, thereby reducing platelet destruction.

3. Blood transfusion therapy: Patients with severe thrombocytopenia and significant bleeding tendencies should promptly receive transfusions of fresh platelets or new blood products to rapidly increase platelet counts.

4. Surgical treatment: For patients who do not respond to medication or have severe conditions, splenectomy (removal of the spleen) may be considered to reduce platelet destruction by the spleen.

5. Treatment of underlying diseases: Addressing the primary conditions causing thrombocytopenia, such as infections or tumors.

6. Other treatments: Such as acupuncture and physical therapy, which can serve as adjunctive treatment options.

Treatment plans should be developed by qualified physicians based on each patient's specific condition. Patients should not self-medicate or decide on treatment methods independently. Additionally, managing thrombocytopenia is a dynamic and ongoing process requiring regular monitoring of platelet counts and evaluation of treatment effectiveness.