What causes leg cramps at night?
Disease description:
Recently, I have been experiencing leg cramps frequently while sleeping at night. I would like to ask the doctor, what is the cause of this?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Lv Zhiqin
Nighttime leg cramps are a common symptom, medically referred to as nocturnal leg cramps or nocturnal muscle spasms. They usually occur in the calf muscles (gastrocnemius), presenting as sudden, severe pain and a sensation of muscle tightness, lasting from a few seconds to several minutes. These cramps are mainly caused by the following factors:
1. Cold exposure: During the night, if the calf area is not properly kept warm, cold stimulation may cause muscle spasms, leading to cramping. In such cases, it is recommended to add extra blankets for warmth or appropriately adjust the indoor temperature.
2. Fatigue: Prolonged standing or walking can keep the calf muscles in a tense state for extended periods, leading to lactic acid buildup, which may trigger nighttime cramps. Adequate rest and avoiding prolonged standing can effectively alleviate these cramp symptoms.
3. Electrolyte imbalance: Electrolytes such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium help maintain normal nerve and muscle function. Abnormal electrolyte levels, especially hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, may trigger muscle twitching.
4. Dehydration: Body fluid deficiency can alter electrolyte concentrations, thereby affecting the normal processes of muscle contraction and relaxation, increasing the risk of cramps.
5. Medication side effects: Certain medications, such as diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, and statins, may affect electrolyte balance or act directly on muscles, causing cramps.
