How to treat thyroid nodules
Disease description:
During a physical examination, a thyroid nodule was detected, which has caused significant anxiety. I would like to ask how this condition should be treated. I've heard that some cases require surgery, but what is the appropriate treatment approach?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Yang Chuanjia
The treatment plan for thyroid nodules depends on the nature, size of the nodule, and the patient's specific condition. For benign nodules smaller than 1 cm without signs of malignancy, doctors may recommend regular follow-up examinations to monitor changes in the nodule via ultrasound.
Thyroid hormone suppression therapy is suitable for nodules caused by hyperthyroidism, helping to regulate thyroid function and observe whether the nodule shrinks. Medications such as propylthiouracil tablets and methimazole tablets are used to treat thyroid dysfunction caused by nodules.
Radiation iodine therapy is suitable for hyperthyroidism caused by functional nodules. It involves oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy part of the thyroid tissue and reduce thyroid hormone production. Surgery may be required to remove the nodule when it is large enough to affect breathing or swallowing, or if malignancy is suspected. Surgical options include open surgery and endoscopic surgery, chosen according to the patient's condition.
Total thyroidectomy is performed for malignant nodules or large-volume nodules. Lobectomy involves removal of part of the thyroid depending on the location and size of the nodule. Microwave ablation is used for benign nodules and is characterized by minimal invasiveness, safety, and effectiveness.
