Heatstroke Symptoms

In the early stage of heatstroke, also known as the prodromal phase, patients typically experience thirst, fatigue, dizziness, headache, mild sweating, and a slight increase in body temperature, generally below 38°C. At this stage, symptoms can usually be relieved quickly if the patient is promptly moved to a cool, well-ventilated place and given adequate hydration.

When heatstroke progresses to the mild stage, symptoms previously mentioned worsen. Patients may develop facial flushing, profuse sweating, and hot, dry skin, or alternatively, pallor, cold and clammy extremities, decreased blood pressure, and rapid pulse. Body temperature is often above 38°C.

If not effectively treated, the condition may deteriorate further into severe heatstroke. Patients may experience heat cramps, characterized by muscle spasms and pain, most commonly affecting the calf muscles (gastrocnemius). During heat exhaustion, symptoms may include extreme thirst, intense fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and even fainting.

The most severe form of heatstroke is heatstroke itself (heat stroke), where body temperature can rise above 40°C, accompanied by altered mental status such as delirium or coma. Multiple organ dysfunction may also occur, posing a life-threatening situation. Immediate action upon onset of heatstroke symptoms includes moving the patient to a cool place, resting, promptly replenishing water and electrolytes, and seeking medical attention when necessary.