Does a boy having one kidney affect fertility?

Mar 21, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Disease description:

I am a 25-year-old male. I was born with only one kidney, but otherwise I am quite healthy. I have always been somewhat concerned whether this condition might affect my future fertility.

Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Yang Guang

A boy missing one kidney usually does not experience impaired fertility. This is because the primary functions of the kidney are filtering blood, removing waste and excess fluid, and maintaining the body's electrolyte balance, which are not directly related to fertility. Under normal physiological conditions, only about one-third of the kidney's functional units (nephrons) are actively working, while the remaining units remain at rest, giving the kidneys a strong capacity for functional compensation. Even with one kidney missing, the remaining kidney can maintain normal physiological functions of the body, including metabolism and endocrine functions, which are more closely related to fertility.

From a physiological perspective, male fertility mainly depends on the reproductive system, especially testicular function. As long as the testicular function is normal and capable of producing healthy sperm, fertility will not be affected. Therefore, missing one kidney does not directly impact male fertility. Of course, to maintain overall health, it is recommended to undergo regular physical examinations to monitor both kidney function and the health of the reproductive system. Additionally, maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, such as balanced nutrition, appropriate exercise, and avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption, can also help preserve overall health and reduce potential risks to fertility.