What are the symptoms of hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B, also known as hepatitis B viral infection, is a liver disease caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). During the acute phase of infection, common symptoms include general fatigue that persists even after adequate rest, reduced appetite, aversion to greasy foods, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. Some patients may develop jaundice, characterized by yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, darkened urine resembling strong tea, and a dull or distending pain in the liver area. Patients with chronic hepatitis B may show no obvious symptoms in mild cases, but moderate to severe cases can present with persistent fatigue, palmar erythema (liver palms), and spider angiomas. Spider angiomas are radially arranged dilated small blood vessels, commonly found on the neck and chest. Liver palms refer to redness of the thenar and hypothenar eminences of the hands.

If the above symptoms appear, immediate medical consultation is necessary. Diagnosis can be confirmed through tests including hepatitis B surface antigen panel, HBV DNA quantification, liver function tests, and liver ultrasound. After diagnosis, active treatment should be carried out in accordance with medical advice, including strict adherence to prescribed antiviral medications and regular follow-up evaluations. Daily routines should be regular and rest adequate, avoiding late nights and excessive fatigue. Diet should consist of light, easily digestible foods, with increased intake of high-quality proteins and vitamins. Alcohol consumption must be strictly avoided to reduce the metabolic burden on the liver. Personal protective measures should also be taken to prevent transmission through blood and bodily fluids, thus avoiding spreading the infection to others.