How often should couples have intercourse during the preconception period?

The frequency of sexual intercourse during the preconception period should be determined by considering multiple factors. Outside the ovulation period, intercourse every 2-3 days is recommended; as ovulation approaches, intercourse can occur every 1-2 days. The reasoning is as follows:

From the female perspective, women with regular menstrual cycles usually ovulate around 14 days before the next menstrual period. The probability of conception is higher a few days before and after ovulation. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for 2-3 days, while an egg typically survives about 1-2 days after being released. If intercourse occurs too frequently, the male testes may not have enough time to produce sufficient quantities of high-quality sperm, and newly formed sperm may be ejaculated before fully maturing, leading to reduced sperm density and diminished motility in the semen. Conversely, if the interval between intercourse sessions is too long, sperm may remain in the reproductive tract for excessive durations, causing some sperm to age and die, which is also detrimental to conception.

For most couples attempting conception, having intercourse every 2-3 days outside the ovulation period can help maintain sperm quality while preserving intimacy between partners. As ovulation approaches, the frequency can be increased appropriately to every 1-2 days to better cover the ovulation window and enhance the chances of conception. Methods such as basal body temperature tracking, ovulation test strips, or ultrasound follicle monitoring can also be used to more accurately determine the ovulation period.

During the preconception period, both partners should maintain healthy lifestyle habits, avoid staying up late, quit smoking and alcohol consumption, engage in moderate exercise, and maintain a relaxed and positive mindset, all of which contribute to improving the chances of successful conception.