What causes hematemesis (vomiting blood)?

Aug 09, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhao Haiming

Introduction

Common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding include rupture of esophageal and gastric varices. In healthy adults, daily blood loss may result in a positive fecal occult blood test with normal stool color; however, with massive bleeding, stools may become black or tarry (melena). If blood accumulates in the stomach, symptoms such as nausea and hematemesis may occur. Therefore, when nausea and hematemesis are present…

　　A woman experiencing nausea may wonder whether she is pregnant. In fact, nausea and vomiting are very common phenomena—possibly due to gastric chilling during sleep or digestive issues. So, what causes hematemesis (vomiting blood)?

　　What Causes Hematemesis?

　　Common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding include rupture of esophageal or gastric varices. In healthy adults, daily blood loss sufficient to yield a positive fecal occult blood test typically does not alter stool color. However, with substantial bleeding, stools may turn black or tarry (melena). If blood accumulates in the stomach, symptoms such as nausea and hematemesis may occur. Therefore, when nausea and hematemesis appear—especially if recurrent or severe—immediate medical attention is essential. A comprehensive evaluation and treatment under physician guidance are crucial to prevent disease progression.

　　Conditions requiring prompt attention include acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and gastric or duodenal ulcers. Hematemesis and gastroesophageal reflux may result from Mallory-Weiss tears (esophageal mucosal lacerations), gastric perforation, rupture of gastric varices, or gastric cancer. Some individuals vomit blood during episodes of forceful vomiting—a phenomenon directly linked to trauma or even tearing of the cardia caused by excessive food passage through this region.

　　In daily life, maintain regular eating habits: avoid spicy, irritating, or overly rich foods; refrain from binge eating; and ensure adequate rest—avoiding late-night activities. We hope this information proves helpful.

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