What are the side effects of methotrexate?
Feb 14, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Bai Hongmei
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, common dosage forms of methotrexate include methotrexate tablets and methotrexate injection. The use of methotrexate may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal reactions, skin reactions, liver function damage, bone marrow suppression, and kidney function impairment. It is recommended to consult a professional physician or pharmacist before using methotrexate and to strictly follow medical instructions when taking the medication.
Generally, methotrexate is available in common dosage forms such as tablets and injection solutions. The use of methotrexate may cause side effects including gastrointestinal reactions, skin reactions, liver function damage, bone marrow suppression, and kidney function impairment. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Gastrointestinal Reactions
Methotrexate may cause damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Patients can alleviate these symptoms by adjusting their diet and increasing fluid intake.
2. Skin Reactions
Some patients may experience skin reactions such as rash, itching, and hair loss after using methotrexate. Although these reactions are not life-threatening, they can affect the patient's quality of life. At this time, patients should avoid scratching the affected areas and maintain clean skin.
3. Liver Function Damage
Methotrexate is metabolized in the liver, and long-term use can not only damage liver cells, causing elevated transaminase levels, jaundice, and other symptoms but also potentially lead to liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Therefore, patients should regularly monitor their liver function during methotrexate therapy to promptly detect and manage liver damage.
4. Bone Marrow Suppression
Methotrexate inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, leading to reduced white blood cells and platelets, which can cause anemia, infections, and bleeding. During treatment, patients need regular blood tests to allow timely adjustment of the treatment plan.
5. Kidney Function Impairment
Methotrexate's metabolites may deposit in the renal tubules, causing symptoms of kidney damage such as hyperuricemia and azotemia. In severe cases, manifestations such as hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, and uremia may occur. Therefore, patients should closely monitor kidney function indicators during methotrexate therapy to promptly detect and manage kidney damage.
It is recommended that before using methotrexate, patients should consult a professional physician or pharmacist and strictly follow medical instructions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the medication. Additionally, maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, including a balanced diet, moderate exercise, and adequate sleep, can help support overall health.
