What Causes Bacterial Vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a syndrome caused by a mixed infection involving *Gardnerella vaginalis* and certain anaerobic bacteria, leading to disruption of the vaginal microbiota. It is characterized by increased vaginal discharge, fishy-smelling leukorrhea, and pruritus or burning sensation in the vulva. BV can be classified into several subtypes, including Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis, corynebacterium vaginitis, anaerobic vaginosis, and *Gardnerella vaginalis* vaginitis. Below, we address the question: “What causes bacterial vaginosis?”

What Causes Bacterial Vaginosis?

1. Indirect Contact Transmission

Infection may occur through contact with contaminated public restroom toilet seats, bathtubs, bathhouse benches, or towels, or through the use of unclean toilet paper.

2. Sexual Transmission

Sexual transmission is one of the contributing factors to BV development. Among male partners of women with symptomatic BV, at least 10% have bacterial urethritis.

3. Extensive Antibiotic Use

Antibiotics alter the vaginal microenvironment, allowing pathogenic bacteria to proliferate excessively and thereby triggering localized bacterial vaginosis.

4. Excessive Hygiene Practices

Some women, aiming to maintain genital hygiene, frequently use medicated douches to irrigate the vagina. Such practices easily disrupt the natural acidic pH of the vagina, increasing susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis.

The above outlines the primary causes of bacterial vaginosis. We hope this information is helpful to you.