What is the approximate probability of becoming pregnant while using an intrauterine device (IUD)?

For women who have already given birth, intrauterine device (IUD) insertion—commonly referred to as “getting a ring”—is a familiar contraceptive method. Many women choose this option after childbirth if they wish to avoid subsequent pregnancies. An IUD is a small device inserted into the uterine cavity to prevent pregnancy. Although IUDs boast a high contraceptive efficacy rate, they may also cause certain adverse effects on women’s physical health and, in rare cases, result in contraceptive failure.

What is the likelihood of becoming pregnant while using an IUD?

Pregnancy with an IUD in place is rare but possible—and carries significant risks, including spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and impaired fetal development. In some cases, it may even lead to fetal congenital anomalies. If pregnancy occurs while an IUD is in situ, close medical monitoring is essential. Over time, the IUD may interfere with embryo implantation or fetal growth, increasing the risk of miscarriage and potentially compromising maternal health—severe complications may even endanger the mother’s life.

What are the side effects of IUD insertion?

Lower abdominal pain or low back ache

Following IUD insertion, uterine contractions induced by the device may cause mild lower abdominal discomfort or low back ache.

Increased vaginal discharge

This is one of the commonly reported adverse effects of IUD use. Devices with retrieval strings may stimulate increased cervical mucus secretion. Typically, the endometrium adapts to the IUD over time. However, if increased discharge is accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever or lower abdominal pain, prompt medical evaluation is warranted.

Minor bleeding

This side effect most commonly occurs within the first 3–4 days post-insertion. The IUD may induce uterine contractions that abrade the endocervical mucosa, resulting in light spotting. If bleeding is minimal, no specific treatment is usually required, and symptoms typically resolve within one week.

Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding)

This side effect predominantly manifests during the first three months following IUD insertion. Due to the body’s physiological adjustment to the device, menstrual cycles may lengthen or become irregular, with episodes of intermenstrual spotting.

Infection

Infection represents one of the most serious potential complications associated with IUD use. To minimize infection risk, clinicians rigorously disinfect the external genitalia, vagina, and endometrial cavity prior to insertion. Women with a prior history of genital tract inflammation—or those who resume sexual activity too soon or engage in frequent intercourse post-insertion—are at heightened risk for infection.

We hope the above information has been helpful. Wishing you good health and happiness!