What Does Genetic Testing for Gastric Cancer Examine?
Mar 10, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhou Maoxin
Introduction
Genetic testing for gastric cancer examines oncogenes associated with gastric cancer development. Clinically, the following genes are primarily assessed:
1. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), particularly in individuals carrying high-risk genotypes;
2. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1);
3. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), especially in individuals carrying high-risk genotypes; and
4. Tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β).
Gastric cancer arises primarily from Helicobacter pylori infection and long-standing benign gastric conditions—such as post-gastrectomy status, chronic atrophic gastritis—or prolonged consumption of salted, smoked, or cured foods. These dietary habits often lead to excessive intake of nitrites or nitrosamines, which can irritate the gastric mucosa and trigger malignant transformation. So, what does genetic testing for gastric cancer actually examine? Below, we address this question.
What Does Genetic Testing for Gastric Cancer Examine?
Genetic testing for gastric cancer analyzes oncogenes associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Clinically, the following key genes are commonly assessed:
First, interleukin-1β (IL-1β): Individuals carrying high-risk genotypes exhibit markedly suppressed gastric acid secretion, resulting in reduced gastric acidity, gastric atrophy, and ultimately an increased risk of gastric cancer.
Second, glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1): Individuals with high-risk genotypes display heightened susceptibility to environmental toxins and carcinogens, increasing the likelihood of DNA mutations and chromosomal abnormalities—and thereby elevating gastric cancer risk.
Third, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α): In carriers of high-risk genotypes, H. pylori infection triggers exacerbated inflammatory responses and further suppression of gastric acid secretion, worsening gastric mucosal damage and increasing mutation rates—thus promoting gastric carcinogenesis.
Additional genes relevant to gastric cancer risk include tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β), the DNA mismatch repair enzyme MLH1, and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).
We hope the above information is helpful to you.
