What are the complications following thyroid surgery?
Apr 20, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Pan Yongyuan
Introduction
Complications such as dyspnea, hoarseness, aspiration during drinking, hypocalcemic tetany, thyroid storm, and hypothyroidism may occur. In addition to common complications—including hemorrhage and respiratory distress—other potential complications include:
1. Superior laryngeal nerve injury: At the upper pole of the thyroid gland, aggressive dissection and ligation of the superior thyroid artery may inadvertently ligate or excise the superior laryngeal nerve, resulting in vocal cord relaxation and cricothyroid muscle paralysis.
Thyroid disorders are relatively common conditions, and many cases require surgical intervention. Due to the complex anatomy of the neck and its rich blood supply, complications may occur following thyroid surgery. What, then, are the potential post-thyroidectomy complications?
What Are the Post-Thyroidectomy Complications?
Postoperative complications refer to adverse events that arise after surgery, such as dyspnea, hoarseness, aspiration while drinking, hypocalcemic tetany, thyroid storm, and hypothyroidism. In addition to common complications—including hemorrhage and respiratory distress—other possible complications include the following:
1. Superior laryngeal nerve injury: During ligation of the superior thyroid artery near the upper pole of the thyroid gland, inadvertent ligation or resection of the superior laryngeal nerve may occur, resulting in vocal cord relaxation, cricothyroid muscle paralysis, and lowered voice pitch.
2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: This nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury during dissection of the lateral or inferior poles of the thyroid gland, leading to hoarseness.
3. Tetany (carpopedal spasm): Accidental removal or damage to the parathyroid glands during surgery can cause hypocalcemia, manifesting as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, followed by muscle spasms.
4. Thyroid storm: A life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism potentially triggered by a sudden surge of thyroid hormones into the circulation during surgery.
5. Hypothyroidism: Excessive resection of thyroid tissue may leave insufficient functional thyroid tissue, resulting in hypothyroidism.
6. Recurrence of hyperthyroidism.
Recurrence is often associated with inadequate preoperative preparation and uncontrolled hyperthyroid symptoms prior to surgery. Clinical manifestations include postoperative high fever, tachycardia with weak pulse, vomiting, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It typically occurs within 36 hours after surgery and carries a high mortality risk. We hope this information is helpful to you. Wishing you good health and happiness!
