What are the common causes of eczema?
Apr 24, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Gan Liqiang
Introduction
Eczema is an allergic, inflammatory skin disorder with complex etiology; its exact cause remains unclear. Current research indicates the following contributing factors:
First, allergies—specifically, hypersensitivity to certain environmental substances such as dust and pollen, as well as to heterologous proteins found in foods like shrimp, milk, and eggs.
Second, genetic predisposition—for instance, children whose parents have allergic rhinitis are more likely to develop eczema.
In daily life, many people develop eczema, causing significant discomfort and impairing skin health. Understanding this condition is essential for effective prevention and treatment. So, what are the common causes of eczema?
Common Causes of Eczema
Eczema is an allergic, inflammatory skin disorder with complex and incompletely understood etiology; no single definitive cause has been identified to date. Current research suggests several contributing factors: First, allergic reactions—such as hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (e.g., dust, pollen) or dietary proteins (e.g., shrimp, fish, crab, lamb, milk, eggs). Second, genetic predisposition—for instance, children of parents with allergic rhinitis are at higher risk of developing eczema. Third, disruption of the skin barrier—once compromised (e.g., by eczema itself), the skin becomes susceptible to bacterial colonization, which may trigger production of superantigens that exacerbate allergic inflammation. Additionally, both excessively dry and overly moist skin conditions can damage the skin barrier and precipitate eczema.
1. Acute eczema: Characterized by marked exudation. Treatment includes wet compresses using solutions such as furacilin or compound Phellodendron decoction. After wet compresses, salad oil may be applied, followed by a topical aerosol spray. If only erythematous papules are present without exudate, calamine lotion may be used.
2. Subacute eczema: With minimal exudation, purple gromwell oil may be applied topically. In the absence of exudate, topical corticosteroid-containing ointments—such as azelaic acid ointment or pimecrolimus cream—are commonly prescribed. However, corticosteroids should be avoided in children and on the face.
3. Chronic eczema: When skin thickening and lichenification occur, potent topical corticosteroid ointments are indicated; artemisinin-based ointments may be considered for more refractory cases.
Patients with eczema should avoid local skin irritants in daily life, limit intake of spicy or stimulating foods, and refrain from indiscriminate use of topical antipruritic agents. We hope this information proves helpful.
