What Is Acute Testicular Torsion?
Apr 27, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Mingchuan
Introduction
Drastic temperature changes can cause spastic contractions of the smooth muscle in the spermatic cord. Once such spasm occurs, it may easily lead to torsion of the spermatic cord and testis. In some patients, trauma to the genital area—such as a kick or blunt impact—can trigger a testicular withdrawal reflex (i.e., reflexive retraction of the testis). Under the influence of this reflex, which is mediated by the spermatic cord’s smooth muscle, sudden spasm of the smooth muscle may occur, thereby precipitating torsion.
In daily life, various diseases may occur—including testicular torsion. What causes the symptoms of acute testicular torsion?
What Causes Acute Testicular Torsion?
The etiology of testicular torsion is complex and includes the following factors: Sudden, significant temperature changes can trigger spastic contractions of the smooth muscle in the spermatic cord. Once such spasm occurs, it may lead to twisting of both the spermatic cord and the testicle. Genitourinary infections—such as epididymitis, orchitis, or epididymo-orchitis—if inadequately treated or poorly controlled, may predispose individuals to spontaneous or unexplained torsion of the spermatic cord. Trauma or blunt force injury to the scrotum—such as kicks or impact injuries—can provoke a reflexive withdrawal response of the testicle. Under neural control of the spermatic cord’s smooth muscle, this reflex may abruptly trigger intense smooth muscle spasm, resulting in torsion.
Regardless of the underlying cause, prompt medical evaluation and emergency intervention are essential upon suspicion of torsion. Surgical detorsion and fixation of the spermatic cord and testicle are typically performed within 8 hours of symptom onset to maximize preservation of testicular function. However, if torsion persists beyond 8 hours, irreversible ischemic damage often compromises testicular viability, necessitating orchiectomy.
If you experience such symptoms, remain calm and do not delay seeking care due to embarrassment or concerns about privacy. Prompt medical evaluation is strongly advised to determine the precise diagnosis and initiate appropriate management under physician guidance. We hope this information proves helpful!
