What Causes Recurrent Mouth Ulcers?

Jun 01, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Liwen

Introduction

Recurrent oral ulcers—commonly known as canker sores—are a mucosal disorder of the oral cavity. The etiology of oral ulcers is multifactorial and exhibits marked interindividual variability. Genetic factors contribute significantly to the development of recurrent oral ulcers. Additionally, compromised immunity, deficiencies in trace elements, selective or unbalanced diet, anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality may all predispose individuals to oral ulcer formation.

Aphthous ulcers (canker sores) are a type of oral mucosal disease. Some patients experience recurrence—ulcers heal only to reappear two days later—yet remain unaware of the underlying cause. So, what causes recurrent aphthous ulcers?

Causes of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers

Frequent occurrence of aphthous ulcers is primarily attributable to recurrent aphthous stomatitis—a common oral mucosal disorder. The etiology of aphthous ulcers is multifactorial and exhibits marked individual variation. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Additionally, factors such as compromised immunity, deficiencies in trace elements, selective eating habits, anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality may all contribute to ulcer onset.

Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle in women can lower systemic resistance, thereby increasing susceptibility to aphthous ulcers. Moreover, aphthous ulcers may also stem from underlying systemic diseases. For instance, patients with duodenal ulcers or ulcerative colitis are at higher risk for developing recurrent aphthous stomatitis—a well-recognized association. If recurrent ulcers consistently occur at the same site and are associated with sharp tooth cusps or residual roots, the condition is likely traumatic aphthous stomatitis. In such cases, eliminating the source of trauma is critical; once the traumatic factor is removed, the ulcer typically resolves spontaneously.

Aphthous ulcers significantly impair physical health and quality of life. Therefore, individuals experiencing recurrent ulcers should promptly seek medical evaluation and treatment. Under professional guidance, adherence to prescribed medications is essential. We hope this article has been helpful to you. Wishing you good health and happiness!

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Causes of Recurrent Mouth Ulcers

The most common type of oral ulcer is the aphthous ulcer, also known as recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The precise etiology of RAS remains unclear but is generally attributed to a triad of factors: genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. In genetically susceptible individuals, environmental factors can provoke an aberrant immune response, leading to the characteristic lesions of oral ulcers—namely, the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.

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What Causes Recurrent Oral Ulcers?

Recurrent oral ulcers are often caused by deficiencies of trace elements such as vitamin B and vitamin C in the patient’s body. In such cases, patients should consume more foods rich in vitamins to replenish these essential micronutrients and thereby address the underlying cause. Additionally, some patients may develop recurrent oral ulcers due to excessive daily stress or poor mental health.

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What Causes Recurrent Mouth Ulcers?

The exact cause of oral ulcers remains unclear; however, the majority of cases are associated with psychological factors such as mental stress, anxiety, and poor sleep. Additionally, local irritants—including residual tooth roots or crowns, ill-fitting dental restorations, and dental calculus—can also contribute. Trauma is another potential cause: for instance, accidentally biting the lip mucosa may lead to ulcer formation at the site of the wound.