What does a positive hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti-HBs) test result mean?

A positive hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) test result indicates prior exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), either through past infection or vaccination. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider to assess your immune status; if antibody levels are low or undetectable, hepatitis B vaccination may be advised to reinforce protection against future infection. A positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test—distinct from anti-HBs—indicates active HBV infection, which may occur when immune function is compromised, allowing the virus to replicate and persist. In daily life, maintain healthy lifestyle habits and consume a balanced diet rich in vitamins.