What is the term for hyperthyroidism caused by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy?
Jul 14, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Pan Yongyuan
Introduction
Hyperthyroidism induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy is termed gestational hyperthyroidism. It refers to a condition occurring during pregnancy in which rapidly rising hCG levels stimulate increased thyroid hormone secretion and markedly suppress TSH levels, resulting in hypermetabolic symptoms in the pregnant woman—such as palpitations, heat intolerance, fatigue, increased appetite, and more frequent bowel movements. Laboratory tests typically reveal mild elevations in total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4).
Hyperthyroidism induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy is termed gestational hyperthyroidism.
1. Etiology: Gestational hyperthyroidism refers to hyperthyroidism in pregnant women resulting from a rapid rise in hCG levels, which stimulates increased thyroid hormone secretion and leads to markedly decreased TSH levels.
2. Symptoms: When gestational hyperthyroidism occurs, pregnant women may experience symptoms of hypermetabolism, including palpitations, heat intolerance, fatigue, increased appetite, and more frequent bowel movements. Laboratory tests typically reveal mild elevations in total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4).
3. Treatment: Pharmacotherapy is the first-line treatment for gestational hyperthyroidism. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is preferred during the first trimester, whereas methimazole (MMI) is preferred during the second and third trimesters.
Due to the hypermetabolic state, mothers with hyperthyroidism may be unable to provide adequate nutrition to the fetus, potentially impairing fetal growth and development. This increases the risk of fetal growth restriction or low birth weight. Therefore, prompt medical evaluation and treatment are essential upon diagnosis of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy.
