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What are the types and symptoms of heart disease?

Dec 06, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Tian Hongbo
Introduction
Types of heart disease include valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart disease. Because different types of heart disease exist, their symptoms also vary. Valvular heart disease includes valve stenosis and valve insufficiency. These conditions can lead to changes in hemodynamics, resulting in structural and functional abnormalities of the atria and ventricles, and ultimately causing symptoms of heart failure and arrhythmias.

Types of heart disease include valvular heart disease, coronary heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Because the types of heart disease differ, their symptoms also vary.

1. Valvular Heart Disease

This includes heart valve stenosis and insufficiency. These conditions can alter hemodynamics, leading to structural and functional abnormalities in the atria and ventricles, ultimately resulting in symptoms of heart failure and arrhythmias. Treatment may involve medications such as furosemide tablets, torasemide tablets, and isosorbide dinitrate tablets, taken under a doctor's guidance.

2. Coronary Heart Disease

Also known as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, this condition arises from atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries, causing narrowing or blockage of the vessel lumen, which leads to myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, or necrosis. Common symptoms include angina pectoris; severe cases may result in myocardial infarction. Medications such as metoprolol tablets, bisoprolol tablets, and nitroglycerin tablets may be used for treatment under medical supervision.

3. Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease refers to abnormal development of the heart and major blood vessels during the embryonic period, also known as congenital cardiac malformations. Main manifestations include cyanosis (bluish-purple discoloration) of the skin or mucous membranes, heart murmurs, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Surgical intervention under medical guidance is often required for treatment.

Other types of heart disease include pericardial diseases. Patients are advised to avoid smoking, alcohol consumption, and spicy foods. Additionally, adequate rest should be maintained and excessive fatigue avoided.

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