The mechanism of dysmenorrhea
Jan 29, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
Dysmenorrhea is divided into two types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea may be caused by factors such as emotional stress, physical weakness, or abnormal uterine contractions. Secondary dysmenorrhea is mostly due to gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis or adenomyosis. Patients with dysmenorrhea can relieve pain by applying a hot water bottle for heat therapy. Patients with secondary dysmenorrhea should also seek medical treatment at a hospital to address the underlying condition.
Menstrual pain is divided into two types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea may result from mental stress, physical weakness, or abnormal uterine contractions. Secondary dysmenorrhea is mostly caused by gynecological conditions such as endometriosis or adenomyosis.
Menstrual pain mainly occurs due to prostaglandins secreted by the endometrium. While these hormones help contract uterine muscles and blood vessels to facilitate menstrual blood expulsion, excessive secretion—often due to endocrine imbalances—can cause intense spasmodic contractions of the uterine muscle fibers, leading to pain. In cases of adenomyosis, abnormal uterine contractions, uncoordinated contractions of the uterine smooth muscle, changes in uterine tension, and insufficient blood supply can lead to accumulation of anaerobic metabolites, which stimulate C-type pain neurons and result in menstrual pain.
For patients with primary dysmenorrhea, applying a hot water bag for heat therapy can help relieve uterine smooth muscle spasms and promote pelvic blood circulation, thereby reducing pain. Patients with secondary dysmenorrhea should seek medical treatment at a hospital to address the underlying condition. During acute episodes of menstrual pain, symptomatic management is recommended; medications such as atropine tablets and diazepam (Valium) can help alleviate pain.
