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How is blood oxygen checked?

Feb 09, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Tian Hongbo
Introduction
Blood oxygen refers to the oxygen in the blood. The normal blood oxygen saturation level in humans is above 95%. Clinically, there are various methods to measure blood oxygen levels, with the most common being pulse oximeter clips, photoplethysmographic sensor finger probes, and arterial blood gas analysis. However, measurement values may be affected by objective factors related to the equipment. It is recommended to consult a qualified physician at a hospital for accurate assessment.

Blood oxygen refers to the oxygen in the bloodstream. Normal human blood oxygen saturation is above 95%. There are various clinical methods for measuring blood oxygen, with the most common being pulse oximeter clips, photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor probes, and arterial blood gas analysis. However, measurement values may be affected by objective factors due to instrument limitations; therefore, it is recommended to consult a professional physician at a hospital for accurate assessment.

1. Pulse Oximeter Clip

A pulse oximeter clip measures blood oxygen saturation via fingertip pulse oximetry. Simple transcutaneous blood oxygen saturation monitors can be purchased from specialized stores. The device is clipped onto a finger to measure transcutaneous oxygen saturation levels. Generally, normal transcutaneous oxygen saturation is above 93%. In cases of lung or airway diseases, blood oxygen saturation may decrease.

2. Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensor Probe

During measurement with a PPG sensor, the probe is placed over a patient's finger. The finger acts as a transparent container filled with hemoglobin. Light sources using specific wavelengths, including red light, are directed through the finger tissue. Blood oxygen saturation and other parameters are calculated based on the amount of transmitted light detected by the sensor. This instrument is widely used in clinical settings, providing continuous, non-invasive monitoring without harm to the body.

3. Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

Arterial blood gas analysis requires drawing arterial blood for testing. The normal range for arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) is typically between 80–100 mmHg. In patients with lung conditions such as interstitial lung disease, pulmonary congestion, or heart failure, blood oxygen saturation may decline to varying degrees. When the partial pressure of oxygen falls below 60 mmHg, patients may experience symptoms of hypoxia, including difficulty breathing, significant chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

Besides the methods mentioned above, blood oxygen levels can also be tested via blood sampling at hospitals. Individuals may choose an appropriate testing method according to their specific circumstances.

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