What are the manifestations of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome?

Nov 25, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Tian Hongbo

Introduction

Clinical manifestations of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome generally include respiratory abnormalities, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disturbances, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients often present with rapid breathing and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, there may be decreased blood oxygen saturation, impaired pulmonary gas exchange, and inability to meet the body's oxygen demands, necessitating mechanical ventilation support to improve respiration.

Multisystem organ dysfunction syndrome typically presents with abnormalities in the respiratory system, impaired kidney function, cardiovascular disturbances, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neurological dysfunction. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Respiratory abnormalities: Common manifestations include rapid breathing and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, blood oxygen saturation may decline due to impaired pulmonary gas exchange, failing to meet the body's oxygen demands. Mechanical ventilation or other assisted breathing devices may be required to improve oxygenation.

2. Impaired kidney function: Characterized by significantly reduced urine output and abnormal urine composition (such as proteinuria or hematuria). Metabolic waste products accumulate in the body due to inadequate excretion, often accompanied by elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. In severe cases, renal replacement therapy (e.g., dialysis) may be necessary.

3. Cardiovascular disturbances: May present with blood pressure fluctuations (commonly hypotension) and abnormal heart rate (too fast or too slow). Reduced cardiac pumping function leads to inadequate blood supply to tissues and organs, resulting in signs of circulatory failure such as cold, clammy extremities and pale skin.

4. Gastrointestinal symptoms: Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain. Weakened or absent gastrointestinal motility impairs digestion and absorption. In some cases, gastrointestinal bleeding may occur, exacerbating malnutrition and increasing circulatory strain.

5. Neurological dysfunction: Early signs may include confusion and restlessness. As the condition progresses, patients may develop drowsiness and slowed responsiveness, eventually progressing to coma. Cerebral hypoxia and ischemia lead to impaired neural signaling and processing.

In daily management, it is essential to actively treat underlying conditions (such as infections or trauma) and avoid triggering factors. If any of the above symptoms appear, prompt medical evaluation of organ function is crucial. During treatment, closely monitor vital signs and laboratory parameters as directed by healthcare providers, and follow professional guidance to adjust therapeutic strategies, thereby reducing the risk of disease progression.

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