What is the peritoneum?
Feb 21, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Sun Shaolong
Introduction
The peritoneum is a serous membrane lining the inner surface of the pelvic cavity and covering the surfaces of abdominal and pelvic organs. The portion attached to the inner wall of the abdominal and pelvic cavity is called the parietal peritoneum, while the portion covering the surfaces of abdominal and pelvic organs is known as the visceral peritoneum. The visceral and parietal layers are continuous with each other, and the potential space between them is called the peritoneal cavity. In males, the peritoneal cavity is closed off from the outside environment, whereas in females, it communicates with the external environment via the uterine tubes.
The peritoneum is a membranous layer lining the pelvic cavity and covering the surfaces of abdominal and pelvic organs.
The peritoneum is a thin membrane attached to the walls of the pelvis and the surfaces of abdominal and pelvic organs. The portion attached to the abdominal wall is called the parietal peritoneum, while the portion covering the surfaces of abdominal and pelvic organs is known as the visceral peritoneum. These two layers—the visceral and parietal peritoneum—connect with each other, enclosing a space between them called the peritoneal cavity. In males, the peritoneal cavity is completely closed off from the outside world, whereas in females, it communicates externally via the fallopian tubes.
The peritoneum serves various functions including reducing friction, absorption, defense, and tissue repair. Under normal conditions, the peritoneal cavity contains a small amount of serous fluid that lubricates the peritoneal surfaces, thereby reducing friction between moving internal organs. The abdominal cavity contains numerous capillaries and lymphatic vessels capable of absorbing exudate, blood, and air. The mesothelial cells of the peritoneum have phagocytic capabilities, and mobile macrophages present in the serous fluid can freely move between the peritoneal cavity and surrounding tissues. Generally, injuries—often caused by factors such as hypoxia—can typically be repaired through connective tissue under the guidance of a qualified physician.
