What causes redness, swelling, and pain in the lower eyelid, and how to treat it?

Redness, swelling, and pain in the lower eyelid may be caused by physiological factors or pathological conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis or hordeolum (stye). Different management approaches can be adopted depending on the underlying cause.

I. Physiological Factors

This may result from staying up late, excessive eye strain, or drinking large amounts of water before bedtime, leading to lower eyelid edema. Symptoms usually improve gradually by adjusting sleep patterns and limiting fluid intake before sleep, without requiring special treatment.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Allergic Conjunctivitis

Exposure to allergens such as pollen or dust mites, or using substandard eye drops or other products, may trigger allergic conjunctivitis. Inflammation causes the small blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become congested and swollen. Treatment may include antiallergic eye drops such as levocabastine ophthalmic solution, emedastine ophthalmic solution, or azelastine ophthalmic solution, used according to medical advice.

2. Hordeolum (Stye)

Frequent rubbing of the eyes with dirty hands, prolonged failure to remove makeup, or extended use of contact lenses may lead to infection by Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a stye. Under medical guidance, antibiotic medications can be used to reduce inflammation. Commonly prescribed drugs include levofloxacin eye drops, chlortetracycline eye ointment, and tobramycin eye drops. In severe cases, surgical drainage may be recommended by a physician.

In addition, trauma or other causes may also contribute. Appropriate treatment should be followed as advised by a healthcare provider.