How to differentiate types of gallbladder polyps
Apr 14, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Jin Zhongkui
Introduction
In general, gallbladder polyps refer to cystic masses protruding from the inner wall of the gallbladder, which can be classified based on their morphological and histological characteristics. They are commonly categorized into cholesterol polyps, inflammatory polyps, and adenomas of the gallbladder. In addition, there are other types of gallbladder polyps, such as leiomyomas, hamartomas, and neuroendocrine tumors, which require histological examination for definitive diagnosis.
In general, gallbladder polyps refer to cystic masses protruding from the inner wall of the gallbladder, which can be classified based on their morphological features and histological characteristics. They are commonly categorized into cholesterol polyps, inflammatory polyps, and adenomas of the gallbladder. The specific analysis is as follows:
1. Gallbladder Cholesterol Polyps
Cholesterol polyps are the most common type of gallbladder polyp, primarily composed of cholesterol crystals and mucus. On ultrasound examination, cholesterol polyps appear as well-defined hyperechoic lesions, usually less than 10 mm in diameter. These polyps are typically asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally.
2. Gallbladder Inflammatory Polyps
Gallbladder inflammatory polyps result from chronic inflammatory reactions in the gallbladder wall and are mainly composed of inflammatory tissue and scar tissue. On ultrasound, inflammatory polyps appear hypoechoic with irregular shapes and variable sizes. They are often associated with symptoms of cholecystitis, such as biliary colic, fever, and gallbladder wall thickening.
3. Gallbladder Adenoma
Gallbladder adenoma is a type of gallbladder polyp with low malignant potential, primarily composed of glandular epithelial cells. On ultrasound, adenomas appear hypoechoic or mixed echogenic, with irregular morphology and variable size. Although generally small, gallbladder adenomas carry a risk of malignant transformation and may require surgical removal.
In addition, there are other rare types of gallbladder polyps, such as leiomyomas, hamartomas, and neuroendocrine tumors, each with distinct morphological and histological features, requiring histopathological examination for definitive diagnosis. Accurate identification of gallbladder polyp types usually requires a combination of clinical evaluation, ultrasound, CT, MRI, and possibly cholecystoscopy or histological examination. Individuals with suspected gallbladder polyps should seek timely medical consultation and professional advice.
