How many types of pancreas are there?
May 26, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhou Chao
Introduction
The pancreas is the largest digestive gland in the human body, located in the upper abdomen above the navel, and is relatively narrow and elongated. Generally, the pancreas can be divided into two parts: the endocrine gland and the exocrine gland. The factors that trigger pancreatic diseases are complex and varied. If symptoms such as rapid weight loss of unknown cause occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly to identify the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.
The pancreas is the largest digestive gland in the human body, located in the upper abdomen above the navel, and has a relatively elongated shape. Generally, the pancreas can be divided into two parts: the endocrine gland and the exocrine gland. The details are as follows:
1. Endocrine gland
Composed of clusters of cells of varying sizes known as pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). The islets mainly consist of A cells, B cells, D cells, and PP cells. A cells secrete glucagon, which helps raise blood glucose levels; B cells secrete insulin, primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose; D cells secrete somatostatin, which inhibits the secretion of A and B cells; PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide, which suppresses gastrointestinal motility, pancreatic secretion, and gallbladder contraction. When endocrine function of the pancreas becomes impaired and insulin is deficient, blood glucose levels rise, potentially leading to diabetes.
2. Exocrine gland
Consists of acini and ducts. The acini secrete pancreatic juice, which contains sodium bicarbonate, trypsinogen, lipase, amylase, and other components that help digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The ducts serve as channels for discharging pancreatic juice. The pancreas plays a major role in human digestion and is prone to diseases such as acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts, and pancreatic cancer.
The causes of pancreatic diseases are complex and varied, including unhealthy lifestyle habits such as excessive alcohol consumption and overeating, as well as infections, trauma, medications, and genetic factors. If symptoms such as indigestion, nausea, jaundice, diarrhea, or unexplained rapid weight loss occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.
