Early Symptoms of Encephalitis in Children
Dec 11, 2020
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Ma Yan
Introduction
Early Symptoms of Encephalitis in Children:
1. High fever, typically exceeding 38°C and sometimes reaching 39–40°C.
2. Rash—usually appearing 3–4 days after the onset of fever.
3. Altered consciousness—manifesting variably, such as drowsiness or coma.
4. Neuropsychiatric abnormalities—insomnia may occur.
Encephalitis primarily refers to viral encephalitis and post-infectious encephalomyelitis, a subtype of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Based on disease duration, it is classified as acute, subacute, or chronic. Clinically, encephalitis is characterized by high fever, headache, vomiting, coma, seizures, and other symptoms, often accompanied by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition. So, what are the early signs of encephalitis in children? The following addresses this question.
Early Symptoms of Encephalitis in Children
1. High Fever
High fever is commonly observed during the early phase of encephalitis in children, with body temperature typically exceeding 38°C—sometimes reaching 39–40°C. Concurrently, affected children may exhibit conjunctival injection (red eyes) and photophobia. Examination of the buccal mucosa often reveals small white spots—Koplik’s spots—characteristic of measles. Additionally, early-stage encephalitis may mimic common cold symptoms, including sneezing, rhinorrhea, anorexia, headache, and dizziness.
2. Rash
A maculopapular rash typically appears approximately 3–4 days after onset of fever, initially behind the ears and on the face, then gradually spreading to involve the entire body. At this stage, fever may intensify and may be accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea. The rash usually fades over 3–5 days in the same order it appeared, coinciding with clinical improvement.
3. Altered Consciousness
Altered consciousness is frequently observed early in pediatric encephalitis, though its severity varies among individuals. Manifestations range from somnolence to coma. Most patients experience 1–3 days of excessive sleepiness, resolving within one week; however, severe cases may involve prolonged somnolence lasting up to one month.
4. Neuropsychiatric Abnormalities
Neuropsychiatric disturbances are common in pediatric encephalitis. In early stages, children typically remain alert and oriented but may develop insomnia. During daytime, they often display marked hyperactivity, inconsolable crying, or social withdrawal (e.g., reduced speech). Older children may exhibit behavioral abnormalities such as pronounced photophobia and heightened sensitivity to environmental noise.
The above outlines the early symptoms of encephalitis in children. We hope this information is helpful to you.
