What does epistaxis mean?

Nosebleeds, generally referred to as epistaxis, are a condition in which blood flows from the nasal cavity due to rupture or injury of blood vessels inside the nose. Specific details are as follows:

The nasal cavity contains abundant and relatively fragile blood vessels. These vessels can easily rupture and cause nosebleeds when affected by factors such as irritation, dryness, excessive cleaning, or nasal trauma. In dry climates, the nasal mucosa tends to become dry and cracked, increasing the risk of bleeding. At high altitudes, lower atmospheric pressure and reduced oxygen partial pressure in the blood make the nasal mucosa more susceptible to damage, leading to nosebleeds. Depending on the location, nosebleeds are classified as anterior or posterior. Anterior nosebleeds are the most common type, with bleeding typically originating in the front part of the nasal cavity. Posterior nosebleeds are less common, occurring at the back wall of the nasal cavity, and are usually associated with heavier bleeding and longer duration.

When a nosebleed occurs, it is important to keep the head upright and slightly tilted forward. This helps prevent blood from flowing into the throat, which could trigger nausea or vomiting. Patients may also relieve discomfort by pinching the nostrils, applying cold compresses to the nose, avoiding forceful nose-blowing, and keeping the nasal passages moist. If the bleeding cannot be stopped on its own or is accompanied by other severe symptoms, medical consultation is recommended.