How is hypothyroidism diagnosed in the endocrinology department?

Aug 04, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Li Ping

Introduction

Hypothyroidism generally refers to decreased thyroid function. In most cases, an endocrinologist can confirm the diagnosis of hypothyroidism through physical examination, thyroid hormone testing, thyroid antibody testing, X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other diagnostic tests. Patients are advised to seek timely medical attention when experiencing symptoms, and to undergo appropriate evaluation and treatment under a doctor's guidance, which helps promote recovery.

Hypothyroidism generally refers to decreased thyroid function. In most cases, an endocrinologist can diagnose hypothyroidism through physical examination, thyroid hormone testing, thyroid antibody testing, X-ray imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specific details are as follows:

1. Physical Examination

The doctor typically observes the patient's facial appearance, skin, hair, mental status, lips, and tongue to identify symptoms of hypothyroidism such as fatigue, cold intolerance, reduced sweating, slow movements, sluggish reactions, facial puffiness, and a thickened tongue with slow speech.

2. Thyroid Hormone Testing

Main indicators include serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (FT4). Patients with hypothyroidism usually show elevated serum TSH levels and decreased total T4 and FT4 levels.

3. Thyroid Antibody Testing

This primarily involves measuring thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), which help determine whether thyroid cells have been damaged.

4. X-ray Imaging

If delayed bone age, uneven ossification centers, or spotted calcifications are observed, primary hypothyroidism may be suspected.

5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

If a patient with hypothyroidism shows enlargement of the sella turcica, this test is usually recommended to rule out hypothalamic or pituitary tumors and prevent misdiagnosis.

Patients are advised to seek medical attention promptly when experiencing symptoms, and undergo appropriate examinations and treatments under a doctor's guidance to facilitate recovery.

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