What are the side effects of cephalosporins?

Cephalosporins are a class of cephalosporin antibiotics. Generally, side effects of cephalosporin drugs may include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort, kidney damage, anemia, reduced white blood cell count, among others. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Allergic reactions

Common symptoms include rashes or itching. In severe cases, anaphylactic shock may occur. Therefore, an allergy test should be performed before the first use of cephalosporin drugs. Additionally, patients who are allergic to penicillin should use cephalosporins cautiously, as there is a risk of cross-allergy.

2. Gastrointestinal discomfort

In some patients, prolonged oral use of cephalosporins may affect intestinal flora, leading to dysbiosis and adverse effects on gastrointestinal function, potentially causing symptoms such as bloating and abdominal pain.

3. Kidney damage

Since cephalosporins are primarily metabolized through the kidneys, long-term use may lead to impaired kidney function.

4. Anemia

Long-term use of cephalosporins may also cause anemia, mainly due to the development of antibodies similar to those targeting red blood cells, resulting in hemolysis.

5. Reduced white blood cell count

After prolonged use of cephalosporins, a decrease in white blood cell count may occur; therefore, these medications should be used appropriately under medical supervision.

Besides the above, other possible side effects include mild dizziness and headache, hypoprothrombinemia, and thrombocytopenia. Patients are advised to take medication under the guidance of a physician and should not self-medicate or consume alcohol indiscriminately, to avoid adverse effects.