What does first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree episiotomy mean?
Aug 24, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
Episiotomy is generally a surgical procedure performed during childbirth, which can help prevent perineal tearing, protect pelvic floor muscles, and reduce fetal injury. First-degree, second-degree, and third-degree episiotomies typically refer to the extent of perineal lacerations. It should be noted that there is also a fourth-degree episiotomy, which involves injury to the rectal mucosa. Patients are advised to seek medical attention promptly if they experience any discomfort.
Episiotomy is generally a surgical procedure performed during childbirth to prevent perineal tearing, protect the pelvic floor muscles, and reduce fetal injury. First-degree, second-degree, and third-degree episiotomies refer to the extent of perineal lacerations. Specific details are as follows:
1. First-degree episiotomy
In a first-degree episiotomy, the doctor cuts through the external genital mucosa and skin tissue of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening, facilitating the baby's passage through the birth canal. This type of episiotomy does not involve muscle tissue and affects only the outer soft tissue layers.
2. Second-degree episiotomy
A second-degree episiotomy is deeper than a first-degree one and involves muscle tissue. In this procedure, the doctor cuts through the external genital mucosa, skin tissue, and perineal muscles to facilitate a smoother delivery. This type requires more suturing and a longer recovery period, potentially causing greater discomfort and pain.
3. Third-degree episiotomy
In a third-degree episiotomy, the doctor cuts through the external genital mucosa, skin tissue, perineal muscles, and the anal sphincter. This type involves the anal sphincter muscle and may require additional suturing and a more complex recovery process.
It should be noted that there is also a fourth-degree episiotomy, which extends into the rectal mucosa. Patients are advised to seek timely medical attention if they experience any discomfort and to follow standardized treatment under a doctor’s guidance, which helps promote recovery.
