How to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions to intravenous infusion
Sep 04, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Shuwen
Introduction
In general, intravenous infusion may lead to adverse reactions such as air embolism, fever reaction, phlebitis, acute pulmonary edema, and acute heart failure. Different preventive measures are required for different types of adverse reactions. If a patient experiences any abnormalities during infusion, they should promptly consult a doctor and receive treatment according to medical instructions. Before infusion, carefully check the quality of the medication, the packaging of the infusion set, and the expiration dates.
In general, intravenous infusion may lead to adverse reactions such as air embolism, febrile reaction, phlebitis, acute pulmonary edema, and acute heart failure. Different preventive measures are required for different types of adverse reactions. The specific analysis is as follows:
1. Air Embolism
To prevent this condition, it is generally recommended to carefully check the quality of the infusion set before starting the infusion. If air embolism occurs, the infusion should be stopped immediately and oxygen administration should be provided.
2. Febrile Reaction
Prior to infusion, careful inspection of the quality of the medication, packaging and expiration date of the infusion set, and adherence to strict aseptic techniques are essential. If a febrile reaction occurs, the infusion rate should be slowed or stopped in mild cases. For severe reactions, the infusion must be stopped immediately, and the underlying cause should be actively investigated.
3. Phlebitis
Prevention and management of phlebitis involve strict adherence to aseptic procedures. Medications that are irritating to blood vessel walls should be adequately diluted before administration. If phlebitis develops, infusion at the affected site should be discontinued, the affected limb should be elevated and immobilized, and warm compresses with magnesium sulfate for injection should be applied.
4. Acute Pulmonary Edema
During infusion, patients should be closely monitored. For children and patients with poor cardiac or pulmonary function, the infusion rate should be reduced. If symptoms occur, the infusion rate should be immediately slowed or stopped, followed by emergency interventions.
5. Acute Heart Failure
Excessive infusion volume, rapid infusion rate, and excessive administration of sodium-containing fluids can cause water to rapidly enter the bloodstream, leading to a sudden increase in blood volume and a sharp rise in cardiac preload within a short time, thereby increasing the burden on the heart and potentially triggering acute heart failure. To prevent this, the aforementioned risk factors should be avoided. If adverse reactions occur, the infusion should be promptly terminated, and emergency measures such as oxygen therapy and diuretics should be administered.
If a patient experiences any abnormalities during infusion, they should promptly consult a physician and receive treatment according to medical instructions.
