What causes headaches during menstruation, and how can they be treated?

Generally, headaches during menstruation may be caused by emotional factors, cold exposure, changes in estradiol levels, hormonal imbalances, migraines, and other reasons. Symptoms can usually be relieved through general management or medication. The details are as follows:

1. Emotional Factors

If a person feels overly tense during menstruation or is frequently under high stress, it may lead to sympathetic nervous system activation, causing blood vessels in the head to dilate and resulting in headaches. Usually, no specific treatment is required. Stabilizing emotions, maintaining a positive mood, getting adequate rest, and engaging in moderate exercise typically help alleviate symptoms.

2. Cold Exposure

The body is relatively weaker during menstruation. If not properly kept warm, exposure to cold air may stimulate the body, leading to local blood vessel constriction and poor circulation, which could trigger headaches. It's important to stay warm; applying a hot water bottle or warm towel to the head and abdomen can generally relieve symptoms.

3. Estradiol Changes

During the menstrual cycle, declining estradiol levels can alter the tone of blood vessels inside and outside the skull as well as in the uterus. Sensitive individuals may experience headaches as a result. After menstruation ends, when estradiol levels return to normal, headache symptoms typically resolve on their own. Specific treatment is usually unnecessary.

4. Hormonal Imbalance

During menstruation, fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels can affect blood vessel function, potentially causing headaches or dizziness before or after periods. In most cases, symptoms subside naturally after menstruation. For more severe symptoms, medications such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, or acetaminophen tablets may be taken under medical supervision.

5. Migraine

Women with a history of migraines may experience migraine attacks during menstruation, especially if sleep quality is poor or psychological stress is high. This can cause headaches, possibly accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Under medical guidance, patients may use medications such as ibuprofen tablets, indomethacin tablets, or nimodipine tablets for treatment.

In addition, headaches may also be related to nerve compression. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to visit a正规 hospital for proper evaluation, identify the underlying cause, and receive timely treatment under medical supervision.